Radiation that drives photosynthesis is called photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and is typically defined as total radiation across a range of 400 to 700 nm. PAR is often expressed as photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD): photon flux in units of micromoles per square meter per second (µmol m-2S.-1, equal to microEinsteins per square meter per second) summed from 400 to 700 nm (total number of photons from 400 to 700 nm). While Einsteins and micromoles are equal (one Einstein = one mole of photons), the Einstein is not an SI unit, so expressing PPFD as µmol m-2S.-1是首选的。
Sensors that measure PPFD are often called quantum sensors due to the quantized nature of radiation. A quantum referes to the minimum quantity of radiation, one photon, involved in physical interactions (e.g., absorption by photosynthetic pigments). In other words, one photon is a single quantum of radiation.
apogee.Instruments SQ series quantum sensors consist of a cast acrylic diffuser (filter), photodiode, and signal processing circuitry mounted in an anodized aluminum housing, and a cable to connect the sensor to a measurement device. Sensors are potted solid with no internal air space. SQ-500 series quantum sensors are designed for continuous PPFD measurement in indoor and outdoor environments.
SQ-500-SS | SQ-512-SS | SQ-514-SS | SQ-515-SS | SQ-520 | SQ-521-SS | SQ-522-SS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Power Supply | Self-powered | 5 to 24 V DC | 12to 24 V DC | 5.5 to 24 V DC | 5 V USB power source | 5.5 to 24 V DC | 5.5 to 24 V DC |
当前的画 | - | At 12 V is 57 µA | 最多20 mA | At 12 V is 57 µA | 61 mA when logging | 1。4 mA (quiescent); 1.8 mA (active) | RS-232 37 MA; RS-485静态37 mA,活跃42 mA |
Output (Sensitivity) | 0.01 mV per µmol m-2S.-1 | 每微米0.625 mV-2S.-1 | 0.004 mV per µmol m-2S.-1 | 1。25 mV per µmol m-2S.-1 | - | - | - |
输出类型 | 0到40 mV | 0 to 2.5 V | 4 to 20 mA | 0 to 5 V | USB | SDI-12. | Modbus |
Resolution | - | - | - | - | 0.1μmolM.-2S.-1 | - | - |
校准系数(敏感度的互易) | 100μmol米-2S.-1per mV | 1.6μmol米-2S.-1per mV | 250 µmol m-2S.-1per mA | 0.8 µmol m-2S.-1per mV | 每个传感器的自定义并存储在固件中 | 每个传感器的自定义并存储在固件中 | 每个传感器的自定义并存储在固件中 |
校准不确定性 | ± 5 % | ± 5 % | ± 5 % | ± 5 % | ± 5 % | ± 5 % | ± 5 % |
测量可重复性 | 小于0.5% | 不到1% | 小于0.5% | 不到1% | 小于0.5% | 不到1% | 不到1% |
每年长期漂移 | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year |
非线性 | 小于1%(高达4000μmolm-2S.-1) | 小于1%(高达4000μmolm-2S.-1) | 小于1%(高达4000μmolm-2S.-1) | 小于1%(高达4000μmolm-2S.-1) | 小于1%(高达4000μmolm-2S.-1) | 小于1%(高达4000μmolm-2S.-1) | 小于1%(高达4000μmolm-2S.-1) |
Response Time | Less than 1 ms | Less than 1 ms | Less than 1 ms | Less than 1 ms | Software updates every second | 小于0.6秒 | - |
Field of View | 180° | 180° | 180° | 180° | 180° | 180° | 180° |
Spectral Range | 389至692 nm±5 nm(响应大于50%的波长) | 389至692 nm±5 nm(响应大于50%的波长) | 389至692 nm±5 nm(响应大于50%的波长) | 389至692 nm±5 nm(响应大于50%的波长) | 389至692 nm±5 nm(响应大于50%的波长) | 389至692 nm±5 nm(响应大于50%的波长) | 389至692 nm±5 nm(响应大于50%的波长) |
光谱选择性 | Less than 10 % from 412 to 682 nm ± 5 nm | Less than 10 % from 412 to 682 nm ± 5 nm | Less than 10 % from 412 to 682 nm ± 5 nm | Less than 10 % from 412 to 682 nm ± 5 nm | Less than 10 % from 412 to 682 nm ± 5 nm | Less than 10 % from 412 to 682 nm ± 5 nm | Less than 10 % from 412 to 682 nm ± 5 nm |
Directional (Cosine) Response | 75°的天顶角±5% | ± 2 % at 45°; ± 5 % at 75° | ± 2 % at 45°; ± 5 % at 75° | ± 2 % at 45°; ± 5 % at 75° | 75°的天顶角±5% | ± 2 % at 45°; ± 5 % at 75° | ± 2 % at 45°; ± 5 % at 75° |
温度响应 | -0.11 ± 0.04 % per C | -0.11 ± 0.04 % per C | -0.11 ± 0.04 % per C | -0.11 ± 0.04 % per C | -0.11 ± 0.04 % per C | -0.11 ± 0.04 % per C | -0.11 ± 0.04 % per C |
操作环境 | -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m | -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m | -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m | -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m | -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m | -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m | -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m |
方面 | 24 mm diameter, 37 mm height | 直径30.5毫米,高度为37毫米 | 直径30.5毫米,高度为37毫米 | 直径30.5毫米,高度为37毫米 | 24 mm diameter, 37 mm height | 直径30.5毫米,高度为37毫米 | 直径30.5毫米,高度为37毫米 |
Mass (5 m of cable) | 100 g | 140 g | 140 g | 140 g | 100 g | 140 g | 140 g |
How to Choose a Quantum Sensor
If you can't access the video via Youtube,click here。
Why do I need a PAR-Quantum Meter?
If you can't access the video via Youtube,click here。
In-depth Look at PAR-Quantum Meters
If you can't access the video via Youtube,click here。
具有Quantum Sensor QuickStart指南的Apogee Microcache
Far-red: The Forgotten Photons
If you can't access the video via Youtube,click here。
Turning Photons Into Food
If you can't access the video via Youtube,click here。
Toward an Optimal Spectral Quality for Plant Growth and Development
If you can't access the video via Youtube,click here。
PAR Sensor Spectral Error Correction Tool
If you can't access the video via Youtube,click here。
PAR,PPF,PPFD和PFD解释
Photobiology简化了Bruce Bugbee博士
If you can't access the video via Youtube,click here。
Lecture 4-PAR
betwayapp免费下载apogee仪器仪表用户指南
申请包括:
•PPFD measurements over plant canopies in outdoor environments, greenhouses, and growth chambers
•在室外环境,温室和生长室中反射或覆盖天篷(传输)PPFD测量
•PAR/PPFD measurements in aquatic environments, including salt water aquariums where corals are grown
If you would like to share your application of this product, pleaseclick here
How to Correct for Spectral Errors of Popular Light Sources (Apogee PAR Meter LED Corrections)
Solar, Net, and Photosynthetic Radiation - ASA Agroclimatology
Dana Riddle Reviews the MQ-500/510 - Dana Riddle, Advanced Aquarist
apogee.MQ-510is The First Truly Underwater PAR Meter for Hobbyists - Jake Adams, Reef Builders
APOGEE仪器的光谱误差500系列量betwayapp免费下载子传感器/米白纸
Immersion Effect Correction Factors for Apogee Quantum Sensors White Paper
DLI (Daily Light Integral): Measuring Light for Plants
apogee.Meter Tips and Troubleshooting
PPFD to Illuminance Calculator
Converting from µmol m-2S.-1到足迹
Converting from µmol m-2S.-1to Lux
Converting from µmol m-2S.-1摩尔米-2D.-1
Converting from µmol m-2S.-1to Einsteins
Comparison of Eight Quantum Sensor Models Research Report
apogee.vs. LI-COR Quantum / PAR Sensors
The Effect of Daily Light Integral on Bedding Plant Growth and Flowering
Biomass Production and Pigment Accumulation in Kale Grown Under Increasing Photoperiods
Photosynthetic Irradiance and Nutrition Effects on Growth of English Ivy in Subirrigation Systems
Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment of Soybean
在发光二极管和高压钠灯下传播的偶发,天竺葵和喇叭花的切屑具有可比的生长形态,气体交换和移植后性能
Intermittent Light from a Rotating High-pressure Sodium Lamp Promotes Flowering of Long-day Plants
增强型紫外-B辐射和抗氧化型植物生长调节剂对水稻光合速率,光化学和生理学的影响